α-synuclein (α-syn) plays important roles in the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Phosphorylation, as a post-translational modification, has been proposed to regulate the process of synucleinopathies. However, it remains unclear that how phosphorylation at specific sites regulates the structure and properties of α-syn. In this series of work, we synthesized homogeneous α-synuclein with phosphorylation at different sites using expression protein ligation strategy, respectively. Phosphorylation changes strains of α-syn fibrils, leading to distinct fibril characteristics, cellular toxicity1, and cell-to-cell transmission properties of α-synuclein.2 Cryo-EM revealed that phosphorylation at distinct sites results in rearrangements of amyloid fibril structure. These fibril structures explain some properties of different phosphorylated α-syn fibrils and their formation mechanisms.3 This series of work highlights the importance of posttranslational modifications in the progression of degenerative diseases.
Figure 1. Phosphorylation at specific sites influences α-syn fibril structure and properties. Left: pS129 enhances α-syn pathological transmission.2 Right: pY39 rearranges α-syn fibril structure.3